Intelligent Health.tech Issue 29 | Page 69

S C R U B B I N G U P
phosphate phases like calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite ( CDHA ) and carbonatecontaining hydroxyapatite ( CHA ). Higher pH favoured the formation of CHA , leading to better crystallinity , and a higher calcium to phosphorus ( Ca / P ) molar ratio .
The surface of the apatite nanoparticles shows three different layers . The inner apatite layer / core is characterised by the presence of the crystalline structure of the apatite . Above the apatite layer is the non-apatitic layer , which is rich in ions like phosphate ions and carbonate ions .
This layer reacts with water molecules and forms the hydration layer . Analysing the surface characteristics of these layers revealed that pH adjustments facilitated the formation of the non-apatitic layer rich in reactive ions , enhancing hydration properties , which was confirmed .
Importantly , the study revealed that while higher pH facilitates the formation of the non-apatitic layer , the presence of Na + ions reduces the concentration of phosphate ions , leading to decreased reactivity of the layer . The introduction of substantial ions by NaOH also affected the uniformity of electrophoretic deposition , as observed in scanning probe microscope studies . This effect was not observed with KOH , indicating that KOH was more suitable than NaOH for forming the non-apatitic layer and ensuring uniform coating .
Emphasising the significance of the study , Dr Tagaya said : “ This study focuses on the critical interfaces between bioceramics and biological systems and could inspire designs of biocompatible surfaces with preferential cell adhesion .” These findings can be potentially useful for surface coating of a wide range of biodevices that are implanted in the human body , including artificial joints and implants .
Going ahead , the team intends to push the boundaries of nanobiomaterials , paving the way for groundbreaking innovations in medical materials and devices that could revolutionise healthcare and improve patient outcomes . �
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